Every data center we’re tracking

Project Rainier — Project Rainier is AWS's 1,200-acre New Carlisle campus purpose-built for Anthropic, hosting ~500,000 Trainium2 chips by October 2025 and targeting over one million by year-end. Seven of 30 buildings are live; full 2.2 GW buildout plus a $15B expansion makes Indiana the largest single-state AWS investment to date.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates
• Tax Incentives

Project Rainier Madison — AWS's two Madison County industrial parks demand energy equivalent to ~700,000 homes, and Entergy Mississippi is building new generation to serve them. Total AWS Mississippi buildout now sits at ~$25B across 1,700 acres — $10B initial, $11B expansion, and a separate $1B Hinds County site — anchoring the state's 'Digital Delta' push.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates
• Tax Incentives
• NDA Transparency

Stargate Abilene — Oracle / OpenAI's flagship AI training campus. As of April 2026 only two buildings are live (~200 MW gross, ~130 MW critical IT), with a third expected online soon. Full build planned at 1.2 GW+ across eight buildings through 2026–2027.

QTS Richmond is a 15-building campus with an estimated total IT power over 650 MW.

Microsoft Fairwater Wisconsin is set to be the tech giant’s most powerful data center yet.

Meta Prometheus — Meta's AI supercluster in the New Albany Business Park, using a mix of weatherproof tents and traditional buildings to stand up capacity faster. Sits alongside Google's much older New Albany campus in the same park.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Tax Incentives

Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta is a QTS-built data center with Microsoft as a tenant, possibly for the purpose of providing compute to OpenAI.

xAI Colossus 1 was converted from a factory into a data center in 2024.

Google’s New Albany data center is one of several data centers in the New Albany Business Park.

Residents near the Somerset facility report sustained cooling-fan noise as TeraWulf converts a former coal plant into an AI/HPC campus. CB-4 and CB-5 energization is slated for H2 2026.

• Noise & Vibration
• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

xAI Colossus 2 is the follow-up to Colossus 1.

The Microsoft Goodyear campus spans six years of construction and operations.

Meta Temple is notable for a mid-flight change in construction.

Google Council Bluffs dates back to 2014, but our analysis focuses on the buildings added to the east since 2024, which are likely to have most of the AI compute.

Google’s Omaha data center is their second in Nebraska, following a site in Papillion.

Google's Cedar Rapids data center is similar to earlier Google data centers like New Albany and Omaha.

Built on the shores of Lake Ontario at a former coal plant, the Terawulf-owned Lake Mariner campus serves a mix of crypto-mining and AI computing applications.

Dating back to 2007, Google Pryor serves a variety of uses, from [Google Workspace](https://support.google.com/a/answer/13190816?hl=en) to [machine learning](https://techcrunch.com/2022/05/11/google-l

Vantage’s TX1 campus is one of two known campuses in the San Antonio area.

Sierra Club says Fermi's 5,100+ MW gas capacity would be the largest gas plant in the US, and a class-action investor lawsuit piles on top of TCEQ's approval of 93 gas turbines. Project Matador is a 5,769-acre 'HyperGrid' with Texas Tech, targeting 11 GW via gas, solar, and planned AP1000 reactors; first 1 GW by end of 2026. Fermi disclosed a $60B initial build cost (total projection up to $300B).

• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity

SoftBank broke ground March 20, 2026 on the former Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant, pairing a 10 GW campus with a co-located 9.2 GW natural gas complex under a DOE-SoftBank-AEP Ohio partnership. The 'PORTS Technology Campus' is part of a $550B Japan-US trade commitment.

• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Residential Proximity

Pinal County commissioners have flagged flood zones, land-subsidence fissures, and wildlife corridor impacts at Vermaland's $33B 'La Osa Project' — 3,374 acres south of Eloy targeting 3 GW, more than the entire Phoenix metro's current DC capacity. Energy plan opens with a gas plant; no hyperscale tenant confirmed; rezoning anticipated 2026.

• Environmental Review
• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

A $10 billion, 800-acre campus at Energy Way Industrial Park featuring up to 20 data center buildings; broke ground October 2025 and is billed as the largest single capital project in North Carolina history. Sited adjacent to Duke Energy's 2.24 GW Sherwood H. Smith Jr. natural gas complex; full build-out expected 2027–2028.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates

Entergy is building three new gas-fired units to serve Hyperion, locking in decades of methane emissions and drawing sustained Louisiana pushback. Meta's largest-ever AI campus: ~4M sq ft, up to 9 buildings, 2,250 acres in Richland Parish (plus 1,400 more bought in 2025), scaling from 2 GW toward 5 GW. Meta + Blue Owl JV announced October 2025 targets $27B total development cost.

• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review
• Tax Incentives

At 1,830 MW full build-out, Digital Realty's 'Project Bunkhouse' would consume more power than the entire city of Atlanta. The $19B, 12-building, 876-acre campus on Bartow County farmland got a Planning Commission rezoning recommendation in June 2025.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Carbon Emissions
• Residential Proximity
• Energy Rates

500-acre campus acquired from Peterson Companies for $302M in January 2025, divided into four sub-campuses with six planned 300 MW Dominion Energy substations; construction expected to begin late 2025 with first phase live by 2027.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

PowerHouse/Provident's 768-acre Ellis County campus sits adjacent to Google's Midlothian complex and targets 1.8 GW across 24 buildings with a $5B+ construction footprint. First 500 MW has ERCOT approval; first building energization is slated for May 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Regional groundwater districts have flagged aquifer draw as the gating constraint on Google's Haskell anchor before construction even starts. Haskell headlines the November 2025 $40B Texas announcement (with Armstrong and a separate February 2026 Wilbarger site), leveraging ERCOT wind-corridor interconnects for cheap megawatts.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Tax Incentives
• NDA Transparency
• Environmental Review

Vantage's 1.4 GW Shackelford campus is Stargate Phase 2's Texas anchor alongside the flagship Abilene facility. Part of a five-site September 2025 expansion designed to deliver 5.5+ GW of OpenAI/Oracle/SoftBank AI capacity across Texas and New Mexico; first building online in 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates
• Tax Incentives

Meta's first wholly owned hyperscale campus, now spanning multiple buildings with an estimated 1,289 MW capacity and $2B cumulative investment disclosed by Meta over 14 years across 11 buildings. The facility uses 100% non-potable water for cooling and helped launch the Open Compute Project.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

El Paso held community meetings through April 2026 over Meta's 813 modular gas generators, 1.5M-gallon/day water draw, and property-tax abatements. Meta broke ground October 2025 on a 1,000-acre campus in Northeast El Paso; investment jumped from $1.5B to $10B in March 2026, targeting 1 GW by 2028.

• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates
• Environmental Review
• Local Control

Cameron County commissioners passed a resolution in April 2026 opposing data centers that lack safeguards, targeting Scotland-based Eneus Energy's 1,785-acre, 1 GW Harlingen proposal. Harlingen's city utility agreed to supply 4.6M gallons/day of reclaimed wastewater; no formal proposal has been filed yet.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Grid Capacity
• Local Control
• Environmental Review

Opponents filed a February 2026 petition to recall Mayor Ted Neitzke IV over how fast the city approved this project, citing grid strain and rate impacts. 'Lighthouse' is Stargate's Midwest anchor — four Vantage-built buildings, ~1 GW for OpenAI/Oracle, completing 2028. Broke ground December 2025 with $175M+ committed to regional water, wastewater and power upgrades.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Water Consumption
• Local Control
• NDA Transparency

New Mexico granted substantial tax incentives despite limited public disclosure of the water plan in drought-stressed Doña Ana County. Project Jupiter is Stargate's NM anchor on the Santa Teresa flats, targeting end-2026 first-phase operation; $50B over five years and up to $165B over 30, paired with Abilene and Shackelford via the Permian power belt.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Tax Incentives
• NDA Transparency
• Environmental Review

Landmark $15 billion (2026–2030) Adani–Google AI campus announced October 2025; gigawatt-scale AI data center with dedicated subsea cable infrastructure and 100% renewable power from Adani Green Energy, intended to be India's largest AI computing campus.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning

Reliance's announced gigawatt-scale (expandable to 3 GW) AI data center campus adjacent to its existing refinery complex in Jamnagar; to be powered entirely by on-site green energy (solar, wind, hydrogen) and equipped with NVIDIA Blackwell AI processors, with estimated investment of $20–30 billion.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Water Infrastructure

FERC rejected an amended interconnection agreement in late 2024, casting doubt on whether hyperscale DCs can pull power directly off a nuclear plant and skip grid cost-sharing. AWS bought the Cumulus campus from Talen for $650M and is contracted to ramp to 960 MW off the 2.5 GW Susquehanna reactor — one of the first US 'behind-the-meter' nuclear deals.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• NDA Transparency
• Local Control

$3B hyperscale campus (VA1) on 87.5 acres groundbroken in Q4 2025; phased delivery of 300 MW in 2027, 300 MW in 2030, and 300 MW by 2033–2035, with 100% renewable energy from an on-site substation and AI-ready closed-loop water cooling.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Coweta County approved 'Project Sail' 3-2 in April 2026 despite 8,000+ resident signatures against it, over water, noise, and environmental concerns. Prologis plans a $17B, 9-building campus on 832 acres of rural/forested land near Plant Yates; construction starts 12–18 months after land purchase.

• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity
• Water Consumption
• Noise & Vibration
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Local Control

Edgecombe County commissioners amended zoning to permit data centers in heavy industrial districts, clearing ESS's $19.2B, 900 MW Kingsboro campus for a Q1 2026 groundbreak. A separate 100 MW ESS project in Tarboro was rejected after community opposition.

• Local Zoning
• Local Control
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review

Announced June 2025; a $9.9 billion AI data center at Gorsingeberget on the E20 highway, ~80 km west of Stockholm. Initial buildout of 300 MW will scale to 750 MW over a 10–15 year construction timeline, making it potentially Europe's largest AI infrastructure cluster. A two-year planning phase with the Strängnäs municipality began in mid-2025.

• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

A $1B+ four-campus cluster (Lyle Creek/Conover, Boyd Farm/Maiden, Stover/Hickory) totaling an estimated 720–810 MW across 15 planned 48 MW buildings; construction restarted across all three sites simultaneously in early 2026 after a ~7-month pause. Duke Energy is contracted to supply power.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

The No Desert Data Center Coalition is organizing against Beale Infrastructure's second Arizona campus over backup-generator noise, rate impacts, and residential proximity. Marana Town Council approved rezoning on the 600-acre site in January 2026, with $5B investment and 550–750 MW at full buildout.

• Noise & Vibration
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Residential Proximity
• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning

Blacktown City Council objected on engineering and planning grounds before NSW overrode local approval in November 2025. CDC's AU$3.1B, 504 MW Marsden Park campus — scalable to 1 GW across six four-storey buildings — is billed as the largest DC development in the Southern Hemisphere.

• Local Zoning
• Local Control
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Noise & Vibration

The Tonawanda Seneca Nation, Sierra Club, and local residents are fighting a $1.46B public subsidy package and wetland impacts at Stream's Apollo-backed $19.5B STAMP campus. The 1,250-acre Genesee County megasite is targeting a Fortune 50 tenant; GCEDC began reviewing the subsidy application in February 2026.

• Noise & Vibration
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Control

Residents in Petit-Landau are fighting Microsoft's €2B+ AI data center over the loss of 36 hectares of farmland including organic plots, plus grid strain, noise, and water use. Announced at Choose France May 2024 as France's largest planned of its kind; building permit expected mid-2026, operations 2028–2029.

• Local Zoning
• Local Control
• Environmental Review
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Residential Proximity
• Noise & Vibration

Power demand equivalent to ~500,000 households is driving grid and carbon concerns at NTT's €5B FRA6 campus on the former US Army Anderson Barracks site. Nine buildings are planned across 70 ha south of Frankfurt; city council unanimously approved the development plan in late 2025, with groundbreaking in early 2027 and 2029 launch.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning

Hyperscale campus in Mesa's Elliot Road Technology Corridor expanding to 450+ MW across 6 buildings; 206 MW operational since April 2023 with two additional buildings (PH02/PH03) under construction expected in 2025–2026. Powered by Salt River Project (SRP) with an air-cooled, closed-loop chilled water system requiring near-zero water.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Bosque County residents packed December 2025 town halls opposing CyrusOne's 400 MW Brazos River build, while neighboring Hood County commissioners rejected a moratorium on similar projects. Construction is already underway and the site is projected to raise county tax revenue by 120% (~$70M) over three decades.

• Noise & Vibration
• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Local Control
• Residential Proximity

Google's Redhawk Mesa campus at the intersection of Elliot and Sossaman roads spans ~750,000 sq ft at full buildout; Phase 1 (288,530 sq ft data hall) became operational July 2025. Phase 2 targets 280,000 sq ft and 400 MW across 185 acres and is under construction. Supports Google Cloud and AI services.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

A $4 billion hyperscale campus spanning 471 acres off US-68, first proposed in late 2025; faces intense community opposition and repeated tabling by the Wilmington Planning Commission due to incomplete traffic, water, and stormwater studies as of March 2026.

• Residential Proximity
• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Noise & Vibration
• Local Control
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Property Values

Local critics and environmentalists are calling Lansing a potential 'sacrifice zone,' citing noise, Cayuga Lake water draw, and disputed green-energy claims. TeraWulf holds an 80-year ground lease on 183 acres at the retired Milliken Station coal plant, with 138 MW of 400 MW expected online H2 2026.

• Noise & Vibration
• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Residential Proximity

By crossing the state line into Mississippi, xAI taps both Entergy and TVA power while sidestepping the Memphis air- and water-fight tied to Boxtown. Codenamed 'MACROHARD,' this third Memphis-area facility was bought December 2025 and will push xAI's metro compute footprint past 2 GW.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates
• NDA Transparency

Residents are trying to block every data center in Imperial County via a November 2026 ballot initiative, after supervisors voted 4-1 to advance this 330 MW, 950,000-sq-ft campus; the developer has countersued the City of Imperial in federal court. The 74-acre Google-linked site at Aten & Clark pulls from an already-stressed aquifer and strains IID grid capacity.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Environmental Review
• Residential Proximity
• Local Control

Powhatan County approved Province Group's $3B, 300 MW campus 3-2 in October 2024 over months of opposition on noise, traffic, and environmental impact. Dominion's required new substation and power lines are the next battleground for opponents.

• Noise & Vibration
• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity
• Environmental Review
• Water Infrastructure

Lordstown Village Council voted 6-0 to ban all data centers, then switched to a moratorium after the developer sued at the Ohio Supreme Court demanding zoning compliance. Bristolville 25 is planning a $3.6B, 1.65M sq-ft AI campus on 133 acres along SR-45.

• Local Control
• Local Zoning
• Noise & Vibration
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Water Infrastructure

Boxtown residents and the Southern Environmental Law Center are fighting xAI's on-site gas turbines — originally permitted as 'temporary' — and this $659M expansion intensifies air-quality concerns. The new 312,000-sq-ft building on 79 acres sits next to Colossus 2 at 5420 Tulane, part of Musk's plan to scale the Memphis supercluster to 1M GPUs by 2026.

• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity
• Environmental Review
• Local Control

Middendorf aquifer water draw has fueled recurring community fights at Google's Moncks Corner campus, while Santee Cooper keeps expanding substation capacity to keep pace. One of Google's oldest and largest sites with ~$2.4B invested since 2007; still expanding as the Charleston metro absorbs more cloud and AI load.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity

Evergy flagged Google's KC campus as the single largest load driver behind its 2025 IRP, sparking a public fight over how much new generation cost lands on Missouri residential bills. Ratepayer groups are asking the PSC to ringfence data-center demand; the $1B+, ~300-acre site powers Google Cloud's us-central1/2 regions.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Tax Incentives

Georgia Power's West Georgia service territory is now one of the Southeast's most demand-stressed, and the Georgia PSC has repeatedly approved new generation and rate hikes to serve Google's Douglasville anchor. Operating since 2003 with $1.2B+ invested; also anchors a Douglas/South Fulton cluster with DataBank, DC BLOX, and T5.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Nevada's Colorado River allocations are already over-subscribed under the 2007 interim guidelines, making water the recurring flashpoint for this $600M+ Henderson campus. The Great Basin Water Network and other local groups have pushed back on Google's air-cooling guarantees, arguing the commitments are unverifiable. Google announced the Clark County site in 2019 and has expanded it since.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review
• Tax Incentives

SELC is challenging TVA's 2024 IRP in federal court — the plan calls for 4,600 MW of new gas generation driven largely by data-center demand, including Google's Clarksville site. Started as a $600M 2019 commitment and has since expanded; TVA power locks in decades of methane emissions to serve it.

• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review

Data City is a 5 GW data center campus planned near Laredo, with the first 300 MW and one million square feet of space targeting launch in 2026; the campus could ultimately expand to over 15 million square feet of leasable space. It uses a closed-loop chiller system designed to minimize water consumption, and is pursuing LEED certification.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review

Tract's Caldwell Valley grew to nearly 3,000 acres in January 2026, targeting 2 GW between Austin and San Antonio under a Facility Design Agreement with Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative. Initial 360 MW is targeted for 2028 energization.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Local Control

Virginia's Court of Appeals upheld an August 2025 circuit court ruling voiding the rezoning in April 2026, leaving Compass's 1.7 GW share of the $24.7B PW Digital Gateway in legal limbo. The 825-acre site sits next to Manassas National Battlefield Park.

• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Local Control
• Noise & Vibration
• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity
• Water Consumption

TSMC's Southern Taiwan Science Park fabs (Fab 14, Fab 18) — host to N3 and N2 production for Apple, Nvidia, and AMD AI silicon. Single largest electricity consumer in southern Taiwan.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates

Virginia appellate courts voided the rezoning in 2025–2026 and the project hangs on a potential Virginia Supreme Court appeal. QTS's ~800-acre Pageland Lane portion of the PW Digital Gateway sits adjacent to Manassas battlefield.

• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Local Control
• Noise & Vibration
• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity
• Carbon Emissions

COPT acquired 365 acres in Van Meter in late 2024 for a planned 15-building, ~1 GW, 3.3 million sq ft hyperscale campus targeting an existing Fortune 100 cloud-computing tenant; development is planned in phases on a leverage-neutral basis.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review

TSMC's Hsinchu fab cluster (multiple fabs, including Fab 12 N3/N2) — not a hyperscale data center, but the world's most strategic AI-compute facility. Power draw rivals a small city; Taipower's 2026 tariffs explicitly carve out semi-fab obligations.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates

145-acre campus along the I-95 corridor with three planned 300 MW substations and up to eight hyperscale buildings totaling 3.5 million sq ft; first substation targeted 150 MW by Q4 2025 with phased delivery through 2027.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning

Helios — CoreWeave's 800 MW retrofit of the former Galaxy crypto-mining facility in Dickens County, approved 2025 to serve Microsoft AI workloads. Another flare-gas-to-AI infrastructure conversion in the Texas Panhandle.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption

The Stop Project Baccara Coalition has gathered ~5,000 petition signatures against Takanock's on-site 700 MW gas plant just north of Luke AFB, citing air quality, water wells, and residential proximity. ACC issued a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility Feb. 4, 2026; construction is slated Q3 2026 for Q1 2028 operation.

• Carbon Emissions
• Noise & Vibration
• Residential Proximity
• Water Infrastructure
• Environmental Review
• Grid Capacity
• Local Control

Announced October 27 2025, 20 hectares on Jurong Island set aside for Singapore's largest low-carbon data center park targeting 700 MW; the site will leverage hydrogen-ready generation, ammonia power, expanded battery storage, and solar to meet post-moratorium Green DC Roadmap standards.

• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review
• Energy Rates

Microsoft's flagship central Washington campus spans ~270 acres across multiple generations of data center design; a fifth-generation AI-ready facility is actively under development on the expanding site.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates

QTS Cedar Rapids — 616 MW campus phased across late 2026 and 2027, adding to Cedar Rapids' rapid emergence as a hyperscale cluster alongside Google's pre-existing campus.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Tax Incentives

Planned 40-acre, 6-building hyperscale campus with 612 MW IT capacity at full build-out; Phase 1 has secured 250 MW of sanctioned power with a dedicated Gas Insulated Substation expandable to 900 MW.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review

Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development has flagged the unprecedented scale of farmland rezoning needed for Amazon's potential $12B 'exascale' campus near Boardman. AWS bought 1,300 acres of former Threemile Canyon Farms dairy land along the Columbia River in March 2026, eyeing up to 20 buildings.

• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Blackstone-owned QTS is building 'Project Excalibur' into one of the world's largest multi-tenant campuses: 615 acres, up to 16 buildings, 6.6M sq ft. Construction began in 2023 with full build-out targeted for 2032.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

Aligned's third Ohio campus, a multi-building hyperscale AI campus on a 197-acre brownfield adjacent to the former AEP Conesville coal power plant in Coshocton County; initial capacity delivery targeted for mid-2026 with a foundational customer already secured.

• Environmental Review
• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

Goodnight — Crusoe's Panhandle campus for Google DeepMind workloads, redesigned from 7 X-shaped buildings to 6 rectangular ones during permitting. Part of Crusoe's broader pivot from flare-gas bitcoin mining to purpose-built AI hosting.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption

Thames Water has flagged water capacity concerns at the UK's first designated AI Growth Zone, which scales from 100 MW to 500 MW on surplus power from the decommissioned JET nuclear fusion reactor. UKAEA was shortlisting private partners in late 2025.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Environmental Review
• Grid Capacity

DSIT is pushing rapid AI infrastructure while DESNZ raises energy/water concerns at the UK's second AI Growth Zone, creating a visible intra-government tension. The ~500,000 m² former Teesside steelworks site could become Europe's largest data center development.

• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review
• Local Control

China Telecom's Inner Mongolia Cloud Computing Information Park — one of Asia's largest single-operator data center campuses; AI workload allocations expanded under Phase II of East-Data-West-Compute.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

A 156-acre, 400 MW campus at 12899 Moores Chapel Road acquired for $160M; rezoning approved by Charlotte City Council in May 2025 for a 3 million sq ft two-phase build. Site clearing has begun but formal construction start has not been announced.

• Local Zoning
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Residential Proximity

A 122-acre, five-building campus on University City Boulevard designed for up to 1.5 million sq ft; construction began Q1 2025 with 300 MW of power delivery anticipated by Q2 2027 and potential expansion to 400 MW. Part of a broader Duke Energy data-center supply deal announced February 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Polaris Forge 1 is fully leased to CoreWeave under a 15-year, ~$11B deal running Anthropic and other frontier-model workloads; 400 MW critical-IT scalable to a full gigawatt. First 100 MW is live, 150 MW Building 2 targets mid-2026. Adjacent legacy 180 MW ELN01 crypto-mining facility marks a high-profile bitcoin-to-AI pivot.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Google is layering another $40B on top of this DFW footprint via new November 2025 campuses in Armstrong and Haskell — making Texas its largest growth corridor. The flagship Midlothian/Red Oak twins anchor Google Cloud's south-central region; water draw and Oncor grid upgrades are the lead local concerns.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Tax Incentives

Project Rainier Ridgeland — AWS's second Madison County site, across town from the Canton mega-campus, using the same direct-air-cooled Rainier design for Anthropic Claude training workloads.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Tax Incentives

Google's flagship hyperscale campus on a former Stora Enso paper mill site, cooled by Baltic seawater; a €1 billion expansion announced in 2024 added a seventh data center building, and a district-heat recovery partnership with Haminan Energia now meets ~80% of Hamina's district-heating needs.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

The world's premier internet exchange point — Equinix's Ashburn campus comprises 20+ IBX buildings (DC1–DC22) handling over 70% of global internet traffic; anchor of 'Data Center Alley' and the densest colocation/peering ecosystem on earth.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Meta's largest global data center campus, spanning 520 acres and over 2.7 million sq ft (expanding to 5 million sq ft), with a total investment exceeding $2.5 billion; powered entirely by renewable wind energy and employs ~400 on-site.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates

Anchor for ByteDance's training compute, sited in Inner Mongolia for cheap renewable power. Subject to East-Data-West-Compute energy efficiency mandates.

• Grid Capacity
• Renewable Energy

AWS's flagship Oregon US-West region anchor campus in the Port of Morrow industrial park, supporting multiple buildings since ~2011. AWS has since expanded into Hermiston and Umatilla County with dozens of additional facilities across northeastern Oregon.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Local Zoning

Proposed hyperscale campus on 120 acres of vacant land in suburban Lysander (Onondaga County), led by local developer James Ranalli. Has requested 300 MW of grid interconnection from NYISO — equivalent to ~200,000 average households. Currently in early planning stages with no confirmed anchor tenant.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity
• Environmental Review

atNorth's first Swedish mega-site on a 50-hectare plot in Hamre Industrial Park, Sollefteå Municipality; expanded from an initial 200 MW plan to 300 MW, with operational target of H1 2028. Site is fully zoned; detailed planning and permitting still underway as of early 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review

Microsoft's Hepokorpi (Högnäs) campus in Espoo is under active construction as part of a multi-site Azure cloud region; waste heat will be recovered by Fortum and fed into the Espoo/Kauniainen district-heating network, projected to cover ~40% of heat demand for ~250,000 customers.

• Noise & Vibration
• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity
• Environmental Review
• Grid Capacity

Blasting and crushing noise from Destia Oy's Sundsberg earthworks drew Kirkkonummi residents to municipal meetings through 2025. Microsoft's campus is paired with Fortum's adjacent heat-pump plant (under construction since 2023) to feed district heating.

• Noise & Vibration
• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity
• Environmental Review
• Grid Capacity

Stromnetz Berlin fulfilled only about half of all high/medium-voltage requests in 2025, but VIRTUS's Wustermark campus sits next to a wind-coupled substation and is billed as Europe's largest planned green DC. 350,000 sqm across two sites 30 km from Berlin, Phase I targeting 2026 operation with waste heat pledged to district heating.

• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Carbon Emissions

The largest of Microsoft's three-campus MSFT Region PIGA plan in Aragón at 146 hectares. Awaiting final regulatory approval as of early 2026; building costs alone across all three sites are expected to exceed €5.3bn. The project will also involve 240km of new fiber optic cable installation across the region.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Carbon Emissions

AWS Asia Pacific (Tokyo) is AWS's flagship Japan region, launched in 2011 and expanded to four availability zones by 2018. Part of a $15B investment commitment through 2027 to expand Tokyo and Osaka infrastructure for AI and cloud workloads.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates

AirTrunk TOK1 is Tokyo's leading hyperscale colocation campus, currently scaling toward 300MW capacity with an active ~40MW expansion phase underway as of 2025. AirTrunk is the top provider by site count in the Tokyo market, serving major cloud and hyperscale tenants with high-density AI-ready infrastructure.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption

Alibaba Cloud's flagship hyperscale campus serving South China demand; multiple gigawatt-scale buildings in operation by 2025.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity

Meta's first data center outside the US and its primary European AI hub, spanning a 250-acre campus with buildings added in 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2024. Supports Llama LLM training and inference for Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp across EMEA; powered 100% by renewable energy via PPAs.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

CDC's Eastern Creek campus features four operational data centres (EC1–EC4) totalling over 200 MW, with EC5 and EC6 under construction adding further capacity. The campus is one of the largest sovereign-grade facilities in the southern hemisphere, hosting Australian government and hyperscaler workloads.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure

Stream's 157-acre Phoenix hyperscale campus (seven buildings, PHX I–VII) near Goodyear is the largest data center development of its kind in the Valley, targeting 280 MW of critical load across 2+ million sq ft at full buildout. PHX I (40 MW) is fully leased and operational; PHX II and subsequent buildings are under development for hyperscale tenants.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

East-Data-West-Compute renewable-powered hub (high-altitude wind + solar). One of the first Chinese hyperscale campuses to commit to PUE < 1.25.

• Renewable Energy
• Grid Capacity

Dutch farmer protests over water consumption held up permitting for years, and 2025 protests erupted over alleged IDF use of Azure cloud. Microsoft's AMS13/14 campus at Agriport A7 anchors Azure West Europe with two buildings of five data halls each, approved in April 2023.

• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Local Control

Tencent's 'Seven Stars' tunnel data center carved into a mountainside in Guizhou — natural cooling, geographically dispersed disaster-recovery role for WeChat/QQ infrastructure.

• Protected Land

Multi-building Azure campus at Grange Castle Business Park, Clondalkin, comprising at least four major data center facilities (DUB05, DUB11, DUB15 and others). In 2023 Microsoft gained approval for a 170 MW on-site gas power plant to reduce grid dependency; in January 2026 backup generators were converted to hydrotreated vegetable oil cutting carbon emissions ~90% vs diesel.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates
• Water Consumption

Built on the former Kvarnsveden paper mill site acquired after NorthVolt cancelled battery plans; broke ground September 2025 with initial capacity of 250 MW expandable to 600 MW. First data center targeted for completion in early 2027 and will run on 100% renewable energy.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning

The original planning process drew over 900 local objections over green belt and carbon concerns before Equinix bought the 85-acre South Mimms site for £3.9B in October 2025. Plans for 2+M sq ft and 250+ MW across three buildings; construction 2027, operations 2029.

• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Carbon Emissions
• Residential Proximity
• Local Control

NextDC M3 Melbourne is a 225 MW Tier IV certified hyperscale campus at 25 Indwe Street, West Footscray, spanning over 41,000 sqm and located 10 km from the Melbourne CBD. Purpose-built for high-density AI and cloud workloads, it is Victoria's largest independent data centre.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Microsoft's Project Alluvion campus at 550 SE White Crane Road is the largest single data center in Iowa at ~200 MW and over 918,000 sq ft; part of a multi-campus West Des Moines cluster where Microsoft has invested $3–5 billion and owns 650+ acres.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Noise & Vibration
• Residential Proximity

Linn County passed a new data center ordinance in February 2026 over water and local-control concerns, and Google pivoted to seek annexation into the City of Palo. The six-building campus sits next to the Duane Arnold nuclear plant and rides a 25-year nuclear PPA signed in late 2025.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Local Control
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Grid Capacity

WhiteFiber's NC-1 campus on 96 acres in Rockingham County, transforming a former industrial site into a 970,000 sq ft AI-optimized facility scaling from 24 MW to potentially 200 MW; Nscale signed an $865M deal for 40 MW with delivery beginning April 2026. Total projected investment exceeds $1B.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Investigative reporting tied shell company J5 LLC to Meta's HQ address, and Piqua residents responded with a 2,500+ signature petition after the City Commission fast-tracked this $1B 'Project Klondike' under NDA in November 2025.

• Local Control
• Water Consumption
• Noise & Vibration
• Residential Proximity
• Property Values
• Energy Rates

Ohio Rep. Adam Bird introduced legislation banning NDAs in data-center approvals after Mount Orab officials signed one hiding the developer's identity. Shell company DB Stu LLC, incorporated the same day as a confirmed Meta subsidiary, is behind the proposal.

• Local Control
• Local Zoning
• Water Consumption
• Residential Proximity
• Environmental Review

The Dalles is lobbying Congress (HR 655) to hand it 150 acres of Mount Hood National Forest to triple its Dog River reservoir for this campus — pulling cold water from salmon habitat above Bonneville Dam. Google is building ~$600M on the former Columbia Falls Aluminum site (190 acres, Whiting-Turner, breaking ground 2026). WaterWatch and Oregon tribes are pressing Wyden and Merkley to kill the land transfer.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Protected Land
• Environmental Review
• Local Control

Google's first Netherlands data center, expanded multiple times since opening in 2016 with total investment exceeding €2.5 billion; uses recycled industrial water from the Eemskanaal via a €45M water treatment plant and is powered by 100% renewable energy including wind farms at Delfzijl.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

The Dutch Senate blocked the land sale, opponents won local elections, and the Council of State struck down the zoning plan in September 2023 — the landmark case in Dutch DC opposition. Meta's 166-hectare, 200 MW hyperscale campus would have been the Netherlands' largest; officially cancelled July 2022.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Control
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Water Consumption

London-based algorithmic trading firm XTX Markets is building a large-scale proprietary data center campus on a 478-acre site in Kajaani with a planned investment exceeding €1 billion; YIT Corporation is the primary contractor. A second building was signed but placed under investment review following Finland's electricity-tax change.

• Energy Rates
• Grid Capacity
• Local Control

Equinix operates 15 data centers across Germany, with its flagship IBX campus cluster in Frankfurt anchoring Europe's second-largest data center market. FR2 is a major financial low-latency trading hub hosting Deutsche Börse, Eurex, and Xetra, while the FR9x/FR11x xScale facilities serve hyperscale cloud customers.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

Data4 is developing a major hyperscale-oriented campus in Cambrai, northern France, intended to serve cloud and AI workloads outside the congested Paris region. EDF has announced it is supplying 40 MW of nuclear power to Data4 for its data centers, with Cambrai representing one of the next-generation sites designed to leverage nuclear baseload near power sources.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Water Consumption

Water use in drought-stressed Aragón is the key community concern at Microsoft's €6.69bn MSFT Region PIGA plan. Villamayor de Gállego (80 ha) is one of three Aragón campuses totalling 283 ha alongside La Muela and Zaragoza city; initial planning approval was received late 2025.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Carbon Emissions

Water-consumption scrutiny is sharp at Meta's €750M Talavera de la Reina campus, given the arid inland location and Meta's global water footprint (95% from data centers). Committed January 2025 and chosen for renewable energy access.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review

Microsoft Azure Japan East, located in Saitama Prefecture near Tokyo, is one of two Azure regions in Japan opened in 2014. Microsoft committed $2.9B (and later up to $10B through 2029) to expand AI and cloud infrastructure here, including advanced AI chip deployments for Azure OpenAI services.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates

Microsoft's largest planned hyperscale region in India, comprising three availability zones, targeted to go live mid-2026; part of a $3 billion two-year investment commitment, with $17.5 billion more pledged through 2030.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates

Baidu's flagship cloud + AI data center for ERNIE training; an early adopter of liquid cooling at scale in China.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity

Google's second Taiwan campus, broke ground 2024; designed for AI workloads. Tariff-affected under Taipower's 2026 tiered pricing for inefficient operators.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Colt secured approval for a £2.5 billion expansion of its Hayes Digital Park, adding three new hyperscale facilities (LON6, LON7, LON8) for 97 MW of new IT power and bringing total campus capacity to 160 MW. Construction is scheduled to begin in mid-2026 with first operations in 2028–2029.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

Google is constructing a $576 million multi-building campus at the Big Cedar Industrial Center as part of a $7 billion Iowa investment; first building expected operational in 2026 with four additional buildings planned in future phases.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Microsoft pledged greater community transparency after earlier local opposition when buying 50 hectares next to AMS13/14 in late 2025 for a major hyperscale expansion. Plans include rainwater-harvested cooling and a public area, citing AI demand and sovereign storage needs from 300,000 Dutch customers.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Local Control
• Environmental Review

Google operates two existing data centers at Grange Castle Business Park in south Dublin. A third facility (72,400 sqm, ~50-acre expansion) was refused planning permission by South Dublin County Council in August 2024, citing insufficient grid capacity and lack of on-site renewable energy and district-heating connectivity.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review

SoftBank acquired the former Sharp LCD panel factory in Sakai City (Osaka Prefecture) for ~$676M in March 2025, converting the 450,000 sqm site into a hyperscale AI data center. The facility — SoftBank's third in Japan and a flagship for the SB OpenAI Japan joint venture — targets 150MW initial capacity expanding to 250–400MW, with full operations planned by end of 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates
• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning

NextDC's AU$2 billion M4 Melbourne campus at 127 Todd Road, Port Melbourne, spans 50,000 sqm and includes a liquid-cooled 'AI Factory' engineered for sovereign AI, supporting NVIDIA Blackwell and Rubin Ultra GPUs with rack densities exceeding 1,000 kW. Completion expected 2027.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review

A recently approved second AirTrunk facility on Apollo Place drew community concern over water consumption and strain on the Marsfield supply zone. SYD2 is a 4-hectare, 24-hall, 150 MW+ hyperscale campus at 1 Sirius Road, Lane Cove West; its third expansion phase completed in 2024.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Residential Proximity
• Grid Capacity
• Noise & Vibration

CDC's AU$2.7 billion Laverton campus broke ground in February 2025, targeting a 150 MW initial phase as part of a combined Brooklyn–Laverton Melbourne cluster planned for 780 MW+. Positioned to serve hyperscalers and AI platform providers; Melbourne's data centre pipeline is reported 97% pre-committed.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review

Apple's iCloud data store for Chinese users, operated by state-owned GCBD under 2017 Cybersecurity Law data-localization rules. Centerpiece of the Guizhou cloud cluster.

• Data Privacy
• Local Control

Third Microsoft site in the Rhenish mining district, announced September 2025 on a 26-hectare site near Heppendorf in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis. Together with Bergheim and Bedburg, the three NRW campuses are expected to reach ~520 MW total, representing the Rhineland's emergence as a major hyperscale region as land and power become scarce in Frankfurt.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Residential Proximity

AT TOKYO Chuo Center (CC1 & CC2) is the largest single data center facility in the Tokyo market at 130MW, operated by AT TOKYO Corporation. It serves as a key carrier-neutral interconnection hub in the Tokyo Bay area, with dense fiber connectivity and high seismic resilience standards critical for Japan's earthquake-prone environment.

• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity
• Noise & Vibration
• Carbon Emissions

Grid constraints forced CyrusOne into a controversial May 2025 deal with E.ON to add 61 MW via on-site gas generation, drawing criticism from regulators as a growing pattern across Frankfurt's saturated data center belt. FRA7 broke ground July 2024 on a 63,000 sqm plot; first 9 MW targets Q2 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning

Europe's largest financial trading colocation ecosystem spanning five buildings (LD4, LD5, LD6, LD7, LD10) at the heart of the London Slough campus. Grid capacity in the Slough area is constrained, influencing new project timelines and pushing expansion to adjacent markets.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

AWS Asia Pacific (Osaka) was upgraded from a Local Region to a full multi-AZ cloud region in 2021. Targeted for significant expansion under AWS's $15B Japan investment plan through 2027, with a new Direct Connect location opened at Telehouse OS2 in December 2024.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption

21Vianet operates Microsoft Azure and Office 365 services inside China under license from Microsoft, required by Cybersecurity Law data-localization rules.

• Data Privacy
• Local Control

Google's first Asia data center; expanded multiple times since 2013. Sits at the center of Taipower's January 2026 tariff scrutiny over high-load operators.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Hermiston officials have raised water-supply and rate-hike concerns even as the city annexed 800 more acres zoned for 'hyperscale data center' to draw further AWS expansion. Two AWS data centers are under active construction here as of late 2025.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Water Infrastructure

Meta (via subsidiary Vemerald LLC) has purchased ~328 acres in north Davenport for an $800 million, 715,000 sq ft two-building campus; as of early 2026 no construction has begun despite an earlier Q4 2025 groundbreaking target, raising concerns about electricity and water impacts.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates
• Environmental Review

Apple's flagship iDataCenter campus in Catawba County, operational since 2012 with ~1 million sq ft across four buildings and roughly $4B+ invested to date; a $175M expansion was permitted in 2025 as part of Apple's broader $500B U.S. investment plan. Campus is powered partly by on-site solar arrays and fuel cells.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity

Google opened this €600 million data center in November 2025 after breaking ground in December 2023; the facility uses advanced air-cooling to limit water use, has rooftop solar panels, and is equipped to support waste-heat recovery for potential future district heating networks.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Google's second Dutch data center, located at Agriport A7 in Hollands Kroon, opened following a €1.1 billion investment announced in 2019; it sits near Microsoft's AMS13/14 campus and is powered by 100% renewable energy from Dutch wind and solar PPAs.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

Google's first owned data center in Germany, opened in 2023 and serving as the physical anchor of its Frankfurt Cloud Region. Located ~20 km from DE-CIX, it uses ambient air and air-pressure cooling to reduce water consumption; Google announced continued investment as part of a €5.5 billion Germany commitment through 2029.

• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity

Announced in November 2025 as part of Google's €5.5 billion Germany investment plan, this new campus will strengthen Google's Frankfurt Cloud Region and host Germany's first Google heat-recovery project, feeding waste heat into the Energieversorgung Offenbach district heating network.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Water Consumption

Part of Microsoft's €3.2 billion German AI infrastructure investment, this data center at the INKA: terra nova industrial park in Bergheim broke ground in March 2026 with NRW Minister of Economics in attendance. Powered exclusively by green wind energy with a closed-loop cooling system; one of three NRW sites targeting 520 MW combined capacity for the Rhenish mining area.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Carbon Emissions

Eclairion is converting the former Arjowiggins paper mill in Bessé-sur-Braye into a 100 MW AI GPU hosting site — a €600M sovereign-AI play outside the main French metro clusters. Locally approved; construction starts 2026, targeting 2028 opening.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Carbon Emissions

Google's first UK-operated data center, opened September 2025 on a 33-acre site as part of a £5 billion two-year UK investment. Uses advanced air-cooling to limit water consumption, and is equipped for off-site heat recovery to supply local district heating.

• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

Part of Microsoft's £22 billion UK AI infrastructure commitment (2025–2028), this £1 billion campus in north-west London supports the UK South Azure region. Microsoft also has confirmed UK developments in Newport (Wales), Leeds (Skelton Grange), and Loughton (Essex AI supercomputer with Nscale).

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

Microsoft Azure Japan West is located in Osaka Prefecture and serves as the disaster-recovery and secondary cloud region pairing with Japan East. Azure Availability Zones were launched here in April 2025 as part of Microsoft's two-year Japan AI infrastructure expansion plan.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

NTT DATA acquired 32 acres at the Tochigi Inter Industrial Park (near Tokyo) in 2025, with plans for two high-capacity data centers totaling approximately 100MW. This peripheral-Tokyo site reflects the broader trend of hyperscale operators shifting to Saitama/Tochigi where land availability and grid capacity are greater than in central Tokyo.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Carbon Emissions

Microsoft's Kemps Creek data centre precinct in Western Sydney commenced construction in September 2023 (Building 1, completed late 2025) with Building 2 expected to complete in 2026. Part of Microsoft's AU$5 billion Australian expansion. Located in a rapidly clustering Western Sydney corridor facing grid and water pressure.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Local Zoning

Meta's first data center outside the US; a three-building campus of ~1 million sq ft powered almost entirely by hydropower from the Lule River. Achieves a PUE near 1.07 thanks to arctic-circle free-air cooling and 70% fewer backup generators than comparable US facilities.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

VIRTUS London5 is the UK's largest single data center by footprint and power capacity in 2026, covering ~50,000 m² and holding BREEAM Excellent certification. It entered a 31 MW wind PPA linked to the Lynn and Inner Dowsing windfarms, commencing October 2025.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates

Microsoft's Taiwan Azure region (3 availability zones) launched 2024 as part of Microsoft's $10B Asia AI infrastructure push. Sovereign-cloud option for regulated Taiwanese workloads.

• Grid Capacity

NTT DATA's Paris 1 campus, located ~50 km south of Paris near Corbeil-Essonnes, provides up to 84 MW of critical IT load across three data centers serving enterprise clients and hyperscalers. One of the largest single campuses by capacity in the Île-de-France region.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Google uses roughly a third of The Dalles' total water supply, prompting the city to pursue a reservoir expansion in Mount Hood National Forest. Google's original Oregon hyperscale campus now spans multiple buildings with over $2.4B invested since 2006.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning

EdgeCore's Silicon Valley campus supports up to 80 MW of critical IT load across roughly 700,000 square feet. Built to AI/HPC densities in one of the most power-constrained metros in the country — SVP has at times paused new service connections while substation upgrades catch up.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Equinix PA8x is a flagship xScale (hyperscale) campus in Pantin dedicated to hyperscale deployments, connecting cloud services to Equinix's broader Paris campus environments. One of the largest hyperscale facilities in the Paris cluster.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption

Google's first owned data center in Japan, opened in March 2023 in Inzai City, Chiba — a designated 'Data Center Park' approximately 40km northeast of central Tokyo. Built as part of a $730M Japan infrastructure investment and positioned within the dense Inzai/Chiba hyperscale cluster alongside Colt DCS and AirTrunk facilities.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

AWS SYD51 campus at 1 William Dean Street, Eastern Creek, forming part of the AWS Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region launched in 2012. AWS has committed AU$20 billion in Australian data centre infrastructure from 2025–2029, with Sydney and Melbourne as primary expansion markets.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

SGP1 at 22 Loyang Drive opened December 2020 as Singapore's then-largest data center, financed at SG$450 million with StarHub as anchor tenant; now owned under Blackstone following the A$24 billion acquisition of AirTrunk in 2024.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption

Santa Clara's cheap municipal SVP power is why this cluster exists at all — and data-center draw is now the city's single largest load concern. Vantage's 77 MW Santa Clara I campus is the largest LEED Platinum DC campus in North America, serving hyperscale and enterprise tenants in the core Silicon Valley market.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

AWS announced a Taiwan region investment in 2024, with a $5B+ multi-year commitment. Landing in 2026/2027.

• Grid Capacity

Three-building hyperscale campus (Data Centres E, F, G) on a 65-acre site at Cruiserath Road, approved by An Coimisiún Pleanála in March 2026 after a three-year planning process including community and environmental appeals. AWS secured its EirGrid grid connection in 2019, pre-dating the Dublin moratorium; approval is conditional on a renewable PPA.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning

Flagship 11-story carrier-neutral colocation facility at the most connected campus in Europe, hosting the London Internet Exchange and providing access to 530+ carriers. The campus has an on-site 132 kV private dual primary substation delivering 50 MVA.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

Parliament is criticizing Microsoft for monopolising scarce grid capacity at this Amsterdam site, whose pre-2022 permit lets it build despite the national hyperscale ban and Amsterdam's 2023–2025 moratorium. Microsoft is the sole tenant of the newly leased 70 MW facility.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Control
• Local Zoning
• Energy Rates

World's first 'climate-positive' data center and first built from cross-laminated timber; exports waste heat to Falun's district heating system and is powered by 100% renewables (75% hydro, 25% wind). Hosts DeepL's first liquid-cooled Nvidia DGX GB200 in Europe. Expansion backed by €600 million in debt financing announced September 2025.

• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption

Vantage's CA3 facility, widely cited as the single largest data center in California by commissioned capacity. Sits within Vantage's broader Santa Clara footprint that totals roughly 216 MW across three campuses once CA1/CA2/CA3 expansions are built out.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Six-facility campus (STO1–STO6) in Kista and Akalla, formerly Interxion; STO6 at Vandagatan 3 uses remote seawater cooling and runs cooling-free for over half the year. Stockholm's largest carrier- and cloud-neutral colocation hub with 160+ customers and 25,000 m² of colocation space.

• Grid Capacity
• Property Values
• Local Zoning

SGP2, AirTrunk's second Singapore campus in the Loyang cluster, awarded as part of the pilot DC-CFA 80 MW allocation in 2023 via a consortium with ByteDance (TikTok parent); financed by a reported US$1.8 billion loan secured in 2025.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning

KDC SGP 7 (completed early 2025, 186,610 sq ft, 7 stories) and KDC SGP 8 (8 stories, 290,040 sq ft, also completed 2025) form the Keppel Data Centre Campus at 82 Genting Lane, with a 10-year land lease extension recently secured; SGP 9 is planned as a third AI-ready hyperscale tower on the same campus.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Residential Proximity

Singtel Tuas DC broke ground August 2023 and was targeted for completion by 2025–2026; operated under Singtel's Nxera brand and positioned as a cornerstone of Singapore's digital infrastructure, with Singtel partnering NVIDIA to roll out GPU clusters from 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review

Asia's largest Tier IV Gold Operations certified data center, spanning 820,000 sq ft across 16 floors with 7,200 racks; part of a larger Navi Mumbai campus with scalable capacity up to 1 GW. Hosts Shakti Cloud AI infrastructure with H100/L40S GPUs.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Microsoft Azure Australia Central region, delivered via a strategic partnership with CDC Data Centres in Canberra. The only major cloud region in Australia offering services for Unclassified and Protected government data, serving national security and defence workloads. Microsoft's AU$5 billion expansion plan (2023–2025) includes growing from 20 to 29 sites across Canberra, Sydney, and Melbourne.

• Local Control
• Grid Capacity

Sydney Water has confirmed the Marsfield supply zone is at full capacity just as Macquarie Technology Group's IC3 Super West ramps construction. The sovereign AI facility received AU$200M from the National Reconstruction Fund in March 2026 to accelerate the 269 Lane Cove Road site.

• Water Infrastructure
• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity

Chunghwa Telecom's flagship colocation/cloud data center serving Taiwanese government and enterprise — the de facto sovereign-cloud anchor.

• Grid Capacity

A four-building, 57.6 MW campus in the Marienpark district of southern Berlin; groundbreaking occurred June 2025 with an expected Q3 2026 first-phase delivery. The campus is Tier III, 100% renewably powered with PUE <1.2, and has partnered with DATA2HEAT (Investa/GASAG) to channel waste heat to ~5,000 local households.

• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity
• Local Zoning
• Noise & Vibration

Digital Realty MRS6 plans to convert a 26,000 sqm warehouse into a 50 MW AI-ready facility with seven data halls and high-voltage power supply for AI workloads. Operations are planned for 2028, expanding the Marseille footprint well beyond the port campus.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review

AWS's three proposed Aragón expansion centers are licensed to draw over 755,000 cubic metres of water per year, raising sharp concern in drought-stressed Spain. AWS's eu-south-2 flagship launched November 2022 at Villanueva de Gállego and anchors a cumulative €33.7bn ($39bn) three-province commitment.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review

Digital Loyang II (SIN12) at 11 Loyang Close is Digital Realty's largest Singapore facility at 50 MW; adjacent to SIN11 at 3 Loyang Way, proximate to Changi North cable landing station, and designed with a PUE of 1.25.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

9.6 MW live in Phase 1 with Phase 2 construction ongoing toward a planned 48 MW; ISO/IEC 27001:2022 certified and recognised with multiple construction excellence awards in 2025.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Equinix's LA cluster anchored at One Wilshire — the most important carrier-hotel building on the US West Coast and the primary trans-Pacific cable landing interconnect point for Los Angeles. Not a hyperscale AI campus, but critical public-internet infrastructure: a large share of US ↔ Asia traffic passes through this building's meet-me rooms.

• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity

Activist group 'Le Nuage était sous nos pieds' ran an anti-data-center festival in 2024 against Digital Realty's dominance in Marseille. The MRS1–MRS5 campus at the Grand Port Maritime provides ~76% of Marseille's live IT capacity with direct access to 16+ submarine cables to Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Residential Proximity

Google's fifth data center in The Dalles — a 290,000 sq ft facility at 3500 River Road (former aluminum smelter Superfund site) with Whiting-Turner as contractor on a $600 million project. A second building at this site is expected to come online in 2026.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Environmental Review
• Carbon Emissions

Apple's 2,000-acre Waukee campus (Project Morgan) opened its first building in 2024 and is expanding toward a planned six-building, ~1.9 million sq ft campus with an investment of ~$1.3–1.4 billion; runs on 100% renewable energy.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning

OVHcloud's historic headquarters and flagship campus in Roubaix (RBX1–RBX10), the birthplace of the company, serves as a key node in France's first three-availability-zone SecNumCloud region. A tenth building (RBX10) was added to expand capacity.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

SGP 9 is a planned AI-ready hyperscale tower at 82 Genting Lane, the third building on the Keppel Data Centre Campus; designed for high-density compute workloads and aligned with the Green DC Roadmap's PUE ≤1.3 mandate.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

Second building (NM2) at Yotta's Navi Mumbai Data Center Park; core and shell ready, with three additional buildings planned on the same campus to reach 160 MW and 30,000 racks total.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

NTT DATA acquired 8 acres in Osaka Nishiai in 2025 to develop two new colocation data centers totaling 36MW, with the first facility slated to open in FY2027. Part of NTT DATA's $10B global expansion program, targeting Osaka's growing appeal as Tokyo power and land constraints mount.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity

NTT's hyperscale Chennai 2 campus spans 6 acres with two 9-story buildings delivering 34.8 MW total; Building A is live at 17.4 MW and co-located with the MIST subsea cable landing station connecting India to Southeast Asia.

• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

CoreSite's SV9 added ~200,000 sq ft and 34 MW of turn-key capacity when it opened in 2023, extending the SV7/SV8/SV9 interconnection campus that anchors carrier and cloud on-ramp traffic for much of Northern California.

• Grid Capacity

Nine-storey, 32,000 m² facility breaking ground in October 2025 with a £275 million investment, set for completion in 2028. Powered by two new 132 kV substations and designed to integrate both air and liquid cooling for AI and HPC workloads, targeting BREEAM Excellent and 100% renewable energy.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

AdaniConneX's flagship Chennai facility with 17 MW currently live and Phase 2 under construction toward 33 MW total; won 'Digital Infrastructure Project of the Year' at Tech Capital Global Awards 2023 and demonstrated zero downtime during Cyclone Michaung.

• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

A 32.4 MW Tier III hyperscale colocation facility in Frankfurt's Sossenheim district, developed by Colt DCS. Groundbreaking was June 2023; the concrete structure was completed by May 2024 with Phase 1 delivery expected by end-2025. The facility is 100% renewably powered with a PUE of 1.35 and is connectivity-neutral, targeting cloud and SaaS providers.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity

Three-campus Stockholm presence (SK1, SK2, SK3) serving as the home of the Equinix Internet Exchange, NetNod, and STHIX; one of Scandinavia's most interconnected neutral facilities. Supports 50+ cloud providers and 40+ financial sector customers.

• Grid Capacity
• Property Values
• Local Zoning

OVHcloud's Strasbourg campus (SBG1–SBG5) is one of the company's flagship European sites and part of France's first SecNumCloud-qualified availability zone region alongside Roubaix and Gravelines. SBG5 was opened after the catastrophic 2021 fire destroyed SBG2 on the same site.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

SG5 at 6 Sunview Drive is Equinix's newest Singapore IBX, part of post-moratorium capacity allocation won by Equinix in 2023 alongside Microsoft, GDS, and AirTrunk-ByteDance consortium; designed to meet Singapore's Green DC Roadmap PUE ≤1.3 standard.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates

SIN10 at 29A International Business Park, Jurong East, is a 7-story facility offering 377,000 sq ft of space; interconnected to the Loyang campus (SIN11/SIN12) via dark fiber and part of Digital Realty's Singapore SGIX peering relationship.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Conapto's largest and most advanced facility, expanded in January 2026 from 20 MW to 28 MW via an 8 MW power agreement with Ellevio; runs on 100% renewable energy with heat reuse to Stockholm's district heating network. Designed for AI and high-density workloads.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

SG1 (20 Ayer Rajah Crescent, ~13.5 MW) and SG3 (26A Ayer Rajah Crescent) form Equinix's flagship One-North campus connected by dark fiber; SG1 is the most network-dense facility in the region and hosts one of three global GRX peering points.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

Cologix SV1 is an ~84,000-sq-ft interconnection-dense hub on a 5-acre Santa Clara campus, offering up to 20 MW. Positioned as a carrier-neutral edge site rather than a hyperscale box — a common pattern in the Santa Clara market where land is scarce and every megawatt is rationed.

• Grid Capacity

AI-ready facility announced October 2025 at the Marviken Smart Energy Cluster, tied to a 95 MW renewable PPA; initial phase of 20 MW with plans to scale to 95 MW by end of 2026 and beyond 500 MW in later phases including potential SMR power. Phase 1 deployment and detailed planning were still underway as of early 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Water Infrastructure

NTT's SV1 facility offers 16 MW of critical IT load across ~64,000 sq ft of data floor. Smaller than the hyperscale-focused campuses in the area, but a long-standing NTT/RagingWire asset that serves global enterprise customers needing West Coast presence.

• Grid Capacity

The Barcelona Supercomputing Center hosts MareNostrum 5, a pre-exascale EuroHPC supercomputer operational since mid-2024 with 314 PFlops peak performance, housed in the iconic deconsecrated Chapel Torre Girona at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. Selected by the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking in 2019, it is Spain's most powerful supercomputer and a key European HPC research node.

• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates

CtrlS's third Hyderabad facility, offering 13 MW IT load across 130,000 sq ft and approximately 1,300 racks; AI-ready with advanced cooling and Google/AWS/Azure Cloud Connect access. Launched in September 2025.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

atNorth's first Swedish site (SWE01) opened in 2022; a carrier-neutral metro colocation facility focused on HPC and AI workloads powered by renewable energy. Serves as atNorth's Swedish foothold ahead of the planned Långsele mega-site.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Equinix PA10 is part of the Saint-Denis campus cluster (alongside PA2, PA3, PA9x) and hosts Nebius's first European GPU cluster featuring NVIDIA H200 Tensor Core GPUs. Features innovative sustainability measures including heat recovery to warm a nearby community swimming pool and a rooftop greenhouse.

• Carbon Emissions
• Water Consumption
• Residential Proximity

AG Kris Mayes is contesting the TEP energy supply deal and the No Desert Data Center Coalition has filed active litigation after Tucson rejected annexation but Pima County approved the land sale 3-2. The 290-acre Beale Infrastructure (Blue Owl-backed) campus near Houghton Road was tied to AWS, with Meta now reported as likely end-user; operations targeted for 2027.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Energy Rates
• Grid Capacity
• Local Control
• Environmental Review
• Carbon Emissions

Microsoft filed plans for a three-building data center campus on ~100 acres along Malaga Alcoa Highway, with the first building targeted by end of 2025 and up to five buildings possible by 2027.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Water Infrastructure

Microsoft operates existing facilities and is actively developing new data centers in East Wenatchee; the company expects to become one of the largest taxpayers in Douglas and Chelan Counties upon full build-out.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates

Amazon Data Services (formerly operating as 'Advance Phase LLC') purchased ~554 acres at Wallula Gap Business Park for a $5 billion, 16-building campus across four phases; the Port of Walla Walla confirmed Amazon as buyer in February 2026.

• Water Consumption
• Water Infrastructure
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning

Google's original North Carolina campus, operational since 2007 in Caldwell County; in March 2026 Google announced a new $1B two-year investment to expand the campus on ~60 adjacent acres. The facility consumed 327 million gallons of water in 2024.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

IBM's Poughkeepsie site will house 'Quantum Starling,' the world's first planned large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer at 200 logical qubits, with full delivery by 2029. Announced June 2025 — a landmark quantum-computing infrastructure project, not a conventional hyperscale facility.

• Grid Capacity

South Dublin County Council refused planning permission in August 2024 citing insufficient grid capacity, no on-site renewables, no PPA clarity, and no district-heating connection. Google's 72,400 sqm third Grange Castle facility on 50 acres targeted 2027 go-live using an existing EirGrid authorization; unresolved.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning
• Local Control

Google put a potential hyperscale expansion on hold over Finland's ~40× electricity-tax hike, which was legislated for July 1, 2026. The company bought 1,400 hectares across Kajaani and Muhos from Metsähallitus for ~€27M in 2024.

• Energy Rates
• Grid Capacity
• Local Control
• Carbon Emissions

Meta Hyperion is built on an enormous tract of land, more than three times the size of New York City’s Central Park.

Amazon Ridgeland is similar to other Amazon locations, forgoing most external cooling infrastructure in favor of direct air based cooling.

Built by Crusoe and originally planned as an expansion to Stargate Abilene for OpenAI and Oracle, this site reportedly now has interest from NVIDIA and Meta but was ultimately acquired by Microsoft.

atNorth's FIN04 mega-campus spans 45 hectares in Myllykoski, Kouvola, with a target capacity of 430 MW and a path to several hundred additional MW; heat reuse partner KSS Energia will feed recovered heat into the local district network. First building is targeted for H1 2026–H1 2027 depending on source.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

QTS Data Centers, operated by Blackstone, is developing a massive hyperscale campus in the Europa-Puerta Sur industrial park in Calatorao, Zaragoza, with a planned 300 MW electrical capacity. The site is part of the broader Aragón hyperscale boom; Aragón leads all Spanish secondary regions with over €30bn in announced investments from Microsoft, AWS, and Blackstone.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review
• Water Infrastructure

Four pre-permitted Haarlemmermeer hyperscale projects are advancing despite a 2026 parliamentary motion calling for a halt, with residents actively opposing two built adjacent to residential neighborhoods. The municipality already hosts 30+ data centers at up to 70 MW each.

• Residential Proximity
• Grid Capacity
• Local Control
• Noise & Vibration
• Property Values
• Local Zoning

Apto announced a €2bn ($2.3bn) five-building hyperscale campus on a 195,000 m² brownfield site (former bottling plant) in Fuenlabrada, ~14km from central Madrid. At full build-out it will be the largest data center development in the Madrid cloud region. Institutional support from Comunidad de Madrid; construction to begin upon building permit issuance.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Local Zoning
• Residential Proximity

Streams/CyrusOne's 200 MW San Antonio colocation campus spans five buildings and 1.5M sq ft at West Military Drive and Loop 1604, anchored by a 334 MW CPS Energy dual-fed substation. Built for air- and liquid-cooled AI workloads with 2N power per building.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

T5 Data Centers finalized a land acquisition in South Fulton County in August 2024 for its 'Atlanta IV' campus, planned to support up to 200 MW of critical IT load across approximately 1.32 million sq ft. The project is in pre-construction planning as of early 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Water Consumption

Filed under 'Digital Fort Gillem LLC,' Digital Realty is planning a two-building, 200 MW campus spanning 97 acres and 1.9 million sq ft just nine miles south of Atlanta near the former Fort Gillem military base.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning

QTS is constructing a $750 million–$1.75 billion, 612-acre, 7-building campus at the Big Cedar Industrial Center in SW Cedar Rapids; uses a waterless cooling system and is the largest economic development investment in Cedar Rapids history.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

First large-scale EirGrid connection approved in Ireland in over four years, breaking Dublin's de facto data-center moratorium. DUB20 sits on the 100-acre former Irish Fertilisers site at Avoca River Business Park: 90 MW phase 1, 200 MW across five buildings, with an on-site 293 MW biogas plant and 220 kV offshore-wind substation. €3.5bn dual-campus investment with DUB30.

• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Water Consumption

$2B, three-building campus (VA4) on 82 acres on Centreport Parkway near Fredericksburg; groundbroken November 2025 with first building expected late 2027, bringing Vantage's total Virginia capacity to 782 MW.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Local Zoning

Culpeper's Technology Zone was designed to preempt community opposition, and DataBank's 85-acre IAD5 campus is the first big test: 1.4M sq ft, 192 MW, HPC/AI-ready across two buildings.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Vantage's OH1 campus spans 70 acres and is planned for three two-story hyperscale data centers totaling 192 MW across 1.5 million sq ft; first building targeted operational by December 2025, with additional phases through 2028. Built to LEED Silver standards.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Energy Rates

DataBank's Lithia Springs Campus (ATL5/ATL6) sits on 95 acres with a 180 MW on-site Georgia Power substation, targeting 400,000+ sq ft of AI-oriented data center space. The campus is strategically located adjacent to other hyperscale operators in the Douglas County corridor.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Equinix's Secaucus campus (NY2/NY3/NY4) is the company's largest NYC-metro site and a critical Internet Exchange hub for financial, media, and enterprise customers. Faces Local Law 97 carbon-intensity compliance and NYC-metro grid pressure.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Energy Rates

DUB30 campus located ~5 km from DUB20 at Kish Business Park, County Wicklow; Phase 1 planned for 90 MW scaling to 150 MW. Officially launched by Taoiseach Micheál Martin in May 2025 as 'the model for future data centre development in Ireland.' Construction follows DUB20; part of the same €3.5bn Starwood-backed Echelon program.

• Carbon Emissions
• Environmental Review
• Water Consumption

DC BLOX's 'Atlanta East' hyperscale campus on 72 acres in Rockdale County, 24 miles east of Atlanta; broke ground September 2024 with a 30 MW and 80 MW building in the first phase. Campus will support up to 144 MW critical load at full build-out.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

DC BLOX's 'Atlanta West' hyperscale campus on 100 acres adjacent to Microsoft's 300-acre facility in Douglas County; closed $1.15B in green loan financing in August 2025. Greystone Power Cooperative is the utility provider with an additional 80 MW campus expansion planned for 2027.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Equinix operates nine Amsterdam IBX data centers (AM1–AM11), forming one of Europe's densest interconnection hubs anchored at Amsterdam Science Park and the Laarderhoogtweg campus; the facilities host AMS-IX and NL-IX internet exchanges and connect to more than 150 network service providers.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning

Dublin's largest carrier-neutral colocation footprint, with cross-connects to 100+ carriers and cloud on-ramps. Digital Realty (formerly Interxion) operates DUB3/DUB10, DUB15 and planned DUB16 at Profile Park, plus DUB11 near Dublin Airport. DUB16 expansion awaits grid clarity under the new CRU connection framework.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Zoning

Sabey purchased 60 acres in Umatilla to develop a 714,540 sq ft, 100+ MW multi-tenant hyperscale campus targeting net-zero carbon by 2029, with ground-breaking expected in early 2025. The facility targets proximity to West Coast subsea cables and Columbia River hydropower.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Carbon Emissions

Nabiax's ADC3 campus in the Madrid AZ offers 100 MW of secured IT power with an additional 110 MW requested for long-term expansion, designed for AI-ready high-density workloads with up to 100% liquid cooling. Nabiax (acquired by Aermont Capital in late 2024) hosts three of the four major cloud providers in Madrid and targets a 1.2 design PUE with zero water consumption.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Aligned's second Ohio campus, a 129-acre site near Sandusky in Erie County that broke ground in late 2024; planned for four buildings totaling 96 MW at full build-out.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review

Echelon's DUB10 facility in Clondalkin, Dublin, designed to provide over 90 MW of IT load; one of Echelon's two operational Dublin campus sites alongside the planned DUB40 at Grange Castle. The facility is part of Echelon's ~400 MW combined Irish portfolio backed by Starwood Capital's €850 million 2024 investment.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions
• Residential Proximity

Pure DC's €400m MAD01 campus received final planning approval in late 2025; substation construction began November 2025 with data hall construction to follow after the Iberdrola-connected substation is energised by early 2027. The project uses closed-loop cooling with zero water consumption, addressing growing water-scarcity concerns in Madrid's hyperscale zone.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates
• Local Zoning

Vantage's WA1 campus in Quincy spans 68 acres with three hyperscale data center buildings (including WA13, opened 2023) totaling 775,000 sq ft and 89 MW of critical IT load, powered by Grant County hydroelectricity.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Sabey's Intergate.Quincy campus spans 525,000 sq ft across five purpose-built buildings; the company completed an 85 MW two-building expansion in 2023 and plans further incremental capacity additions through 2028.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Equinix operates five International Business Exchange (IBX) data centers in Helsinki, forming the primary carrier-neutral colocation hub for the country. In March 2026, Equinix and CPP Investments agreed to jointly acquire atNorth for $4.2 billion, deepening their Nordic footprint.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Aligned Data Centers broke ground April 15, 2025 on its Glendale campus (PHX-13), the first of four planned facilities on a 100-acre site totaling 72 MW for this phase. Powered by a new 230 kV APS transmission line; uses Aligned's Delta³ air cooling arrays with a closed-loop water recycling system to minimize consumption in the arid Southwest.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Verne's flagship Helsinki/Vantaa campus (acquired via Ficolo in 2022) operates on 100% renewable energy with waste-heat reuse in place; expansion land was acquired from Onvest in February 2025, with two new liquid-cooling-ready buildings planned to take the campus to 70 MW+ at full build-out.

• Grid Capacity
• Carbon Emissions

Verne announced a 10-hectare, 70 MW HPC/AI campus in Mäntsälä in late 2024, with construction set to begin mid-2025 and completion in ~2027; the facility will operate on 100% renewable energy and waste heat will be channelled into local district heating.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review

Covington annexed the site 5-1 over carbon-emissions concerns, letting Manulife-backed Serverfarm run its new 60 MW Hazelbrand Rd warehouse conversion on natural gas until Georgia Power finishes a substation.

• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review

Digital Realty's NYC carrier-dense colocation footprint — including 111 8th Ave and 60 Hudson St interconnects — faces Local Law 97 carbon-intensity fines starting 2025, forcing zero-carbon procurement or mechanical-load electrification. Controls majority carrier-dense square footage alongside Equinix and CoreSite.

• Carbon Emissions
• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning

Equinix's xScale DB6x and DB7x campus in Blanchardstown Business & Technology Park; a three-building hyperscale-capable campus providing interconnection, cloud on-ramps, and colocation. Equinix also acquired BT Ireland's data centers in December 2024 for €59 million, broadening its Irish footprint.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Carbon Emissions

Data4's MAD01 campus in Alcobendas, launched in 2020, is an eight-hectare multi-building colocation campus with a third building under active development. A second Madrid campus is imminent as of early 2026. The Alcobendas cluster sits in Madrid's prime hyperscale availability zone alongside Equinix, CyrusOne, and Prime Data Centers, where grid-capacity constraints have delayed some projects.

• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity
• Energy Rates

Forest Grove residents are pushing back on noise, property-value, wetland, and 75-foot building-height concerns at the city's first data center. Crane broke ground July 2025 on a 48 MW two-phase campus at 3975 Heather St.

• Noise & Vibration
• Residential Proximity
• Property Values
• Environmental Review
• Local Zoning

Restore the Delta's January 2026 white paper flagged Sacramento's AI buildout as an underregulated threat to the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary. Prime's Building 2 adds ~110,000 sq ft on 7.74 acres at 2407 Ak Street in McClellan Park. The region is drawing AI tenants with faster SMUD power and cheaper land than the Bay Area.

• Water Consumption
• Grid Capacity
• Environmental Review

DataBank's Orangeburg complex is a clean-sheet exurban site 30 miles north of Midtown Manhattan with 45 MW of expansion headroom, exemplifying the move of DC load out of congested NYC to suburban substations with cheaper land.

• Grid Capacity
• Residential Proximity

Sabey's Intergate.Columbia campus in East Wenatchee sits on 30 acres and is fully leased; the company is actively expanding the site with approximately 9 MW of additional capacity planned for late 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

H5's 240,000 sq ft Quincy facility offers up to 40 MW at full buildout, marketed as the lowest-cost power data center market in the US at under $0.03/kWh via Grant County hydropower.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Flexential's fifth Hillsboro data center is a 358,000 sq ft, 36 MW colocation facility under construction and expected to come online in 2026, adding to the company's existing ~113 MW campus that serves as a transpacific interconnection hub.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning

AZP-3 is the third data center on Iron Mountain's 39-acre Phoenix campus (joining operational AZP-1 and AZP-2), featuring 36 MW of IT load supported by 21 emergency generators, precast insulated concrete construction, and roof-mounted mechanical chillers. Expected completion May 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Noise & Vibration

The 'Save Bren Mar' coalition is fighting Starwood's $165M Plaza 500 over transmission lines slated to run 60 feet from townhomes in the Bren Mar residential district. Fairfax County approved it September 2024; Virginia SCC ruling on the required new substation is still pending.

• Residential Proximity
• Noise & Vibration
• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning
• Property Values

Flexential acquired a parcel at 3935 NE Aloclek Place in September 2025 for its sixth Hillsboro data center — a 350,000 sq ft, 27 MW facility designed for AI and cloud workloads, located directly across from its Hillsboro 1 campus.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning

Digital Realty's AMS11 opened in early 2026, delivering 27MW of AI- and high-density-ready IT capacity across 12,000 sqm near Schiphol Airport, bringing Digital Realty's total Dutch footprint to approximately 159MW; first two phases are operational with two further phases planned for late 2026.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning

Edged opened its New Albany data center in early 2026 at 6526 New Albany Road East; the two-story facility delivers 24 MW of capacity across 206,000 sq ft after approximately 13 months of construction.

• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

Equinix SE2 at the landmark Westin Building in downtown Seattle is the state's premier carrier-neutral colocation hub and internet exchange point, serving as the primary interconnection node for Pacific Rim and cloud traffic.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

CyrusOne's OCB1 colocation facility at 4700 Gifford Road in Council Bluffs spans 20 acres and 216,000 sq ft (first phase completed 2022) at a ~$60 million investment; a major colocation anchor in the Council Bluffs/Omaha market alongside Google's hyperscale campus nearby.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Verne's Pori campus is built inside a former Finnish military underground bedrock tunnel network, providing exceptional physical security and natural cooling; the site includes an on-site solar power plant and uses renewable diesel for backup generation.

• Local Control

Edged Data Centers announced a $187 million, 13.2 MW, 105,000 sq ft AI-focused data center on 17.5 acres in Ankeny (north of Des Moines); construction began H2 2025 with completion targeted for 2027.

• Grid Capacity
• Local Zoning

Fort Bliss is the first Texas site under a 2025 executive order steering underutilized federal land to commercial AI infrastructure. The Army picked Carlyle Group to build on 1,384 acres via a 50-year enhanced-use lease, $2B investment, operations starting 2027; Army Corps oversees environmental review.

• Environmental Review
• Grid Capacity

Chandler Creek residents are fighting Skybox's proposed ~30-acre rezoning near East Old Settlers Boulevard, with a second ~140-acre campus also in planning. The proposal passed its first Round Rock City Council reading in late 2025; the PUD requires closed-loop cooling.

• Noise & Vibration
• Water Consumption
• Residential Proximity
• Local Zoning
• Grid Capacity

Trammell Crow's $21B Forsyth Technology Campus would span 1,632 acres and 12M sq ft along I-75 ~60 miles southeast of Atlanta. A DRI filing went in late 2025; rezoning and community review are pending.

• Local Zoning
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption
• Environmental Review
• Carbon Emissions
• Local Control

Tonopah residents are fighting Chamath Palihapitiya-backed developer Anita Verma-Lallian's $25B Hassayampa Ranch industrial park over water wells, property values, noise, and energy costs. Maricopa County approved rezoning on the 2,100-acre site after a $51M May 2025 purchase; Meta, Google and OpenAI are reportedly interested.

• Water Infrastructure
• Property Values
• Noise & Vibration
• Energy Rates
• Residential Proximity
• Local Zoning

Voltage Park opened an AI-focused data center in Quincy in 2024, citing clean hydroelectric power, state tax incentives, and proximity to Washington state universities as key location factors; the company also operates a facility in Puyallup, WA.

• Grid Capacity
• Energy Rates

Stokes County's planning board voted against 'Project Delta' in December 2025 and Clean Water for NC collected 2,600+ signatures citing Dan River pollution risks. The proposed 1,800-acre campus sits next to Duke Energy's Belews Creek plant and targets several hundred MW.

• Local Control
• Local Zoning
• Environmental Review
• Water Infrastructure
• Carbon Emissions
• Residential Proximity

A 333–350-acre campus along Stamey Farm Road and Hickory Highway comprising five data center buildings (~270,000 sq ft each) with air-cooling systems; Statesville City Council finalized rezoning in October 2025, and Compass submitted a site plan application. Duke Energy's contracted to supply power via a nearby substation.

• Local Zoning
• Grid Capacity
• Water Consumption

QTS Cedar Rapids sits alongside a Google data center in Big Cedar Industrial Center.